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Up until the Archaic Greeks created the very first freestanding statuary, a remarkable achievement, carvings had mainly been completed in walls and pillars as reliefs. Most of these freestanding sculptures were what is known as kouros figures, statues of young, attractive male or female (kore) Greeks. The kouroi were considered by the Greeks to rep

A variety of different kinds of conduits have been unveiled through archaeological excavations on the island of Crete, the birthplace of Minoan civilization. These provided water and removed it, including water from waste and deluges. They were commonly made from terracotta or stone. When terracotta was chosen, it was frequently for canals as well

Aqua Anio Vetus, the first raised aqueduct assembled in Rome, started providing the men and women living in the hills with water in 273 BC, though they had counted on natural springs up till then. Throughout this time period, there were only 2 other techniques capable of supplying water to higher areas, subterranean wells and cisterns, which gather

In 1588, Agrippa’s water-lifting innovation captivated the attention and praise of Andrea Bacci but that turned out to be one of the very last references of the technology. Just years later, in 1592, the early contemporary Roman waterway, the Acqua Felice, was linked to the Medici’s villa, probably making the devic